2018年USAAAO预赛选择题
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英文题目
This exam contains 6 pages (including this cover page) and 30 questions. Each question is worth 1 point, so there are 30 points total. Time limit: 75min
1. (1 point) A planet’s orbit around a star has a semimajor axis of 16 AU. What is the period of the planet’s orbit?
A. 6 years
B. 32 years
C. 64 years
D. 256 years
E. 4096 years
2. (1 point) Which of the following has the longest wavelength?
A. UV
B. Optical
C. Radio
D. X-rays
E. Microwave
3. (1 point) What is the peak wavelength in Angstroms ($$\mathring{A}$$) of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a star at a temperature of 10,000 K, assuming a blackbody spectrum? (Wien’s constant $$σ_w ≈ 2.9 ∗ 10^7 \mathring{A}*K$$)
A. 290 $$\mathring{A}$$
B. 2,900 $$\mathring{A}$$
C. 5,800 $$\mathring{A}$$
D. 29,000 $$\mathring{A}$$
E. 58,000 $$\mathring{A}$$
4. (1 point) Determine the azimuth of Capella (Aurigae) in its upper culmination as seen from geographic latitude of $$φ = +45^{\circ}58'$$
A. $$0^{\circ}$$
B. $$90^{\circ}$$
C. Undefined
D. $$180^{\circ}$$
E. $$360^{\circ}$$
5. (1 point) From which geographic latitude does the star Antares (α Scorpio, $$δ = −26^{\circ}19'$$ ) never rise?
A. $$26^{\circ}19'$$
B. $$63^{\circ}41'$$
C. $$56^{\circ}19'$$
D. Never happens
E. $$53^{\circ}41'$$
6. (1 point) For the following problem find the range in which the answer lies: on the day of summer solstice, on which geographic latitude is the sun culminating at the angle of $$+72^{\circ}50'$$ north of the equator?
A. $$0^{\circ} − 15^{\circ}$$
B. $$15^{\circ} − 30^{\circ}$$
C. $$30^{\circ} − 45^{\circ}$$
D. $$45^{\circ} − 60^{\circ}$$
E. $$60^{\circ} − 75^{\circ}$$
7. (1 point) For the following problem, find the range in which the answer lies: looking from Greenwich on February 10th (so = 9h17m48s ) at what time is Pollux (α = 7h42m16s ) at its
upper culmination?
A. 12 am - 6 am
B. 6 am - 12 pm
C. 12 pm - 6 pm
D. 6 pm - 10 pm
E. 10 pm - 12 am
8. (1 point) What is the main energy transport process in the core of the Sun?
A. Radiation
B. Convection
C. Conduction
D. Diffusion
E. Advection
9. (1 point) What are the bright regions on the solar photosphere called?
A. Sunspots
B. Limbs
C. Faculae
D. Prominences
E. Flares
10. (1 point) When seen from Earth, what is Venus’ phase when it is at greatest elongation?
A. New
B. Crescent
C. Quarter
D. Gibbous
E. Full
11. (1 point) Which planets have primary atmospheres?
A. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune
B. Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars
C. Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn
D. Venus and Earth
E. Mercury and Mars
12. (1 point) Which of the following planets or dwarf planets has not been visited by a spacecraft?
A. Pluto
B. Haumea
C. Ceres
D. Mercury
E. Neptune
13. (1 point) Star A has a surface temperature of 10,000 K while Star B has a surface temperature of 4,000 K. Star B is 10 times larger than Star A and its distance from Earth is half that of Star A. What is the magnitude difference between Stars A and B?
A. -10.48
B. -7.47
C. -0.48
D. 2.53
E. 7.47
14. (1 point) What property of the interiors of stars changes at the Kraft break, around 1.6 Solar masses?
A. The dominant spin state flips
B. The dominant energy transport mechanism in the interior changes
C. The flaring activity increases
D. The core becomes iron-rich
E. Hydrogen burning ends in the core
15. (1 point) Which of the following stages will our Sun not evolve through?
A. Red giant
B. White dwarf
C. Cepheid variable
D. Planetary nebula
E. Main sequence
16. (1 point) Which of the following are not high mass stars (relative to the others)?
A. Wolf-Rayet stars
B. Type-II supernova progenitors
C. Cepheid variable
D. Red dwarfs
E. Red supergiants
17. (1 point) On a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, where would we find stars that are cool and dim?
A. Upper right
B. Lower right
C. Upper left
D. Lower left
E. Middle
18. (1 point) What do the cores of low-mass and high-mass main-sequence stars have in common?
A. Both have a uniform composition
B. Both are burning hydrogen
C. Both are convective
D. Both are radiative
E. Both are contracting
19. (1 point) The thermal pressure of a gas depends on
A. Density only
B. Temperature only
C. Both density and temperature
D. Composition
E. Gravity
20. (1 point) What happens to the core of a star after a planetary nebula occurs?
A. It contracts from a protostar to a main-sequence star
B. It breaks apart in a violent explosion
C. It becomes a white dwarf.
D. It becomes a neutron star
E. none of the above
21. (1 point) Find the visual magnitude of the binary star α Pisces, given that the visual magnitudes of each component in the binary system are 4.3 and 5.2. Pick the choice whose range encompasses the right answer.
A. 0-1
B. 1-2
C. 2-3
D. 3-4
E. 4-5
22. (1 point) Which of the following is not a method used to detect exoplanets?
A. Radial Velocity
B. Transits
C. Microlensing
D. Gravitational Waves
E. Direct Imaging
23. (1 point) Which of the following type of planet was the first to be discovered around a Solartype star?
A. Earth-like
B. Super-Earth
C. Mini-Neptune
D. Super-Neptune
E. Hot Jupiter
24. (1 point) A star of radius 0.72 solar radii experiences a periodic dip in brightness once every 13.8 days, thought to be a result of an orbiting exoplanet. The normalized flux during one of these dips in brightness is 0.98. What is the radius of the exoplanet?
A. 0.014 solar radii
B. 0.102 solar radii
C. 0.144 solar radii
D. 0.706 solar radii
E. 0.713 solar radii
25. (1 point) The center of the Milky Way is a part of which zodiac constellation?
A. Gemini
B. Sagittarius
C. Scorpio
D. Cancer
E. Virgo
26. (1 point) The youngest stars in the Milky Way are found predominantly in which part of the galaxy?
A. In the halo
B. In globular clusters
C. In the thinner part of the disc closer to the galactic plane
D. In the thicker part of the disc farther from the galactic plane
E. In the central bulge
27. (1 point) In the 1920s Harlow Shapely estimated the size of the Milky Way galaxy using which
of the following?
A. RR Lyrae stars
B. Pulsating asymptotic giant branch stars
C. Type Ia supernovae
D. Type II supernovae
E. white dwarf stars
28. (1 point) What is the theoretical diffraction limited angular resolution in visible light (5,500 A) of a typical 20-cm (8 in) amateur telescope?
A. 0.35 arcsec
B. 0.69 arcsec
C. 0.017 arcsec
D. 1.7 arcsec
E. 6.9 arcsec
29. (1 point) To improve the angular resolution of a telescope one must
A. Increase the diameter of the mirror or lens
B. Increase the telescope magnification
C. Increase the focal length of the eyepiece
D. Increase the focal length of the telescope
E. All of the above
30. (1 point) Find the total sum of the binary system of the star Capella, if semi-major axis between them is 0.85 AU, and period of 0.285 years.
A. 5.5 solar masses
B. 6.5 solar masses
C. 7.5 solar masses
D. 8.5 solar masses
E. 9.5 solar masses
中文题目
本次考试共包含6页（包括封面）试卷和30个选择题。每道题1分，满分30分，考试时间75分钟。
1. 一个行星的公转轨道半长轴为16AU。该行星的公转周期为？
A. 6 年
B. 32 年
C. 64 年
D. 256 年
E. 4096 年
2. 下面哪一个电磁波具有最长的波长？
A. 紫外线
B. 可见光
C. 无线电
D. X光
E. 微波
3. 一个表面温度10000开尔文的恒星发出的电磁波的峰值波长为多少（假设它为黑体辐射，维恩位移常数σw ≈ 2.9 * 107 $$\mathring{A}$$*K）
A. 290 $$\mathring{A}$$
B. 2,900 $$\mathring{A}$$
C. 5,800 $$\mathring{A}$$
D. 29,000 $$\mathring{A}$$
E. 58,000 $$\mathring{A}$$
4. 在地理经度φ = +45◦58’的地方观测五车二上中天时的方位角为？
A. 0◦
B. 90◦
C. 无法计算
D. 180◦
E. 360◦
（译者注：外国考试方位角的计量有时从北点起算。）
5. 在哪一个地理纬度心宿二（赤纬δ = −26◦19’）永不升？
A. 26◦19’
B. 63◦41’
C. 56◦19’
D. 不可能
E. 53◦41’
6. 夏至日时，在下列哪一个地理纬度区间，太阳会在赤道北72◦50’出中天？
A. 0◦ − 15◦
B. 15◦ − 30◦
C. 30◦ − 45◦
D. 45◦ − 60◦
E. 60◦ − 75◦
7. 回答本题，选出合适的时间段即可：在2月10日的格林威治天文台（地方恒星时so = 9h17m486s）观测北河三（赤经α = 7h42m16s）在何时上中天？
A. 12 am - 6 am
B. 6 am - 12 pm
C. 12 pm - 6 pm
D. 6 pm - 10 pm
E. 10 pm - 12 am
8. 太阳内部能量的主要运输机制为？
A. 辐射
B. 对流
C. 传导
D. 扩散
E. 平流
9. 太阳光球层最亮的部分是？
A. 太阳黑子
B. 太阳肢端
C. 光斑
D. 日珥
E. 太阳耀斑
10. 在地球上观测金星，哪一个“金星相”持续时间最长？
A. 新
B. 峨眉
C. 弦
D. 凸
E. 满
11. 下列哪些行星有原始大气？
A. 木星、土星、天王星、海王星
B. 水星、金星、地球、火星
C. 金星、地球
D. 水星、火星
12. 下列哪个（矮）行星从未被人类的探测器到达过？
A. 冥王星
B. 妊神星
C. 谷神星
D. 水星
E. 海王星
13. A 星的表面温度为 10000 K，而 B 星的表面温度为4000 K。B 星比 A 星大 10 倍，它与地球的距离是 A 星的一半。A 星和 B 星之间的星等差是多少？
A. -10.48
B. -7.47
C. -0.48
D. 2.53
E. 7.47
答案
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